This journal has a strict policy against plagiarism.

All submitted manuscripts will be checked using plagiarism detection software.

Policies include:

• Maximum similarity index: 20%

• Manuscripts with similarity above the threshold will be returned to the authors for revision or rejected.

Forms of plagiarism include:

• Copying text without citation

• Self-plagiarism

• Duplicate publication

• Data fabrication or falsification

Any violation of ethical standards will result in rejection or retraction of the article.